It is the worlds largest landlocked country, and the ninthlargest country in the world, with an area of 2,724,900 square kilometres 1,052,100 sq mi. Nazarbayevs leadership was initially restrained, relative to the leadership of neighbouring central asian states. But the countrys role in that historic effort has not been widely recorded. Mobilization and ethnicity in the soviet empire modern. List of books and articles about kazakhstan online. Kazakhstan holds about 4 billion tons of proven recoverable oil reserves and 3. Kazakhstan gets new leader, but old systems grip on power. The gross domestic product gdp in kazakhstan was worth 168. Kazakhstan is vast the ninthlargest country in the world yet there is relatively little information available in english about the attractions of this remarkable country. Kazakhstans vast hydrocarbon and mineral reserves form the backbone of its economy. Migration trends have impacted tajikistans economy and rent mechanisms. Library of congress federal research division country profile.
Presents historical information about kazakhstans economic development. For much of the 20th century, kazakhstan was the second largest republic of the soviet union and one of the most economically important. Kazakhstan gets new leader, but old systems grip on power remains kassymjomart tokayev, the governing partys chosen candidate, is a former prime minister and foreign minister. Kazakhstan has a growing economy, thanks in large part to its reserves of fossil fuels. Qazaqstan tarihy we need to look into the past in order to understand the present and foresee the future. The terrain extends west to east from the caspian sea to the altay mountains and north to south from the plains of western siberia to the deserts of central asia. Under the presidency of nursultan nazarbayev, kazakh politics continued to follow the moderate line of kunayev. Kazakhstan in perspective orientation guide and kazakh cultural orientation geography history economy security customs rural and urban life. Early 17th century kazakhs split into three tribal unions, the elder, middle and lesser zhuzes, or hordes, which were led by khans. The economy of kazakhstan is the largest in central asia in both absolute and per capita terms. Kazakhstan has a land area equal to that of western europe but one of the lowest population. In 1936 was held the public event dedicated to the kazakh art and literature in moscow.
Located between russia and china, the state of kazakhstan possesses an incredible diversity of. A chronology of key events in the history of kazakhstan. Kazakhstan history ebook by henry albinson rakuten kobo. Kazakhstans diversification from the natural resources sector. The area was conquered by russia in the 18th century, and kazakhstan became a soviet republic in 1936. Economic growth is projected to slow going forward as oil production levels off. In 2000, oil was discovered in kazakhstans portion of the caspian sea.
In the first half of the 19th century the influence of russias economy on the backward economy of kazakhstan grew stronger. Kazakhstan has the potential for becoming one of central asias richest countries because of its huge mineral and oil resources and its liberalized economy, which encourages western investment. Despite a lack of free speech and human rights, kazakhstans oil wealth has brought a higher standard of living than in most other central asian former soviet states. The historical dictionary of kazakhstan covers the history of kazakhstan through a chronology, an introductory essay, appendixes, and a bibliography. Data collection on the history, ethnography, geography also involved officers of the general staff of the russian administration officials, political exiles.
Kazakhstan holds a snap election and the 100th anniversary of the armenian genocide. One hundred of the worlds best textbooks on history, political science, sociology, philosophy, psychology, etc. Kazakhstan is the first nation from the former soviet union to get an investmentgrade credit rating. The world factbook countrylocation flag modal central asia. Kazakhstan is the most dominant nation of central asia. Anyone with an interest in wwii, central asian history, or the soviet union will find. This book about the economy of kazakhstan from the 1990s to the 2010s. Kazakhstans tengiz oil field is one of the largest in the world at 12 miles 19 km wide and miles 21 km long, covering 970 square miles 2,500 sq km.
Almaty ancient and modern architecture aral sea anatolia boukerev deserts of kazakhstan environmental problems kazakh games. Like much of central asia, the area that is now the republic of kazakhstan is rich in history. In the development of culture and social thought in kazakhstan in the second half of the xix century, the important role played by the scientific community and cultural institutions. It also supplied food and ammunition in the common effort against the advancing nazis. Despite kazakhstans historical role as an agricultural exporter. The history and culture of chinas kazaks by linda benson.
With the kazakh government seeking to promote the development of tourism, publication of the bradt guide is timely. In 1999, as kazakhstans economy worsened, the government agreed to sell some of its stake in the vast tengiz oil field. This was the weakest gdp growth since the fourth quarter 2016. Kazakhstan is a landlocked, transcontinental country located in central asia and eastern europe.
During the 1950s and 1960s agricultural virgin lands program, soviet citizens were encouraged to help cultivate kazakhstans northern pastures. Rewriting the nation in modern kazakh literature is a book about cultural. Pdf this country brief presents an overview of kazakhstans economy, explains some of the. Discover librarianselected research resources on kazakhstan from the questia online library, including fulltext online books, academic. It has privatized much of the economy, but nazarbayev maintained a kgbstyle police state and was accused of rigging elections during his long, fiveterm tenure. Central asia kazakhstan the world factbook central. While he was widely expected to run again in 2020, in march 2019 nazarbayev resigned, and senate. Kazakhstan, along with kyrgyzstan and belarus, signed an economic cooperation pact with russia in 1996. In 1997 the capital was moved from almaty to the more centrally located astana formerly aqmola. Kazakhstan economist world news, politics, economics. It is bordered by china, kyrgyzstan, russia, turkmenistan, and uzbekistan. Kazakhstan, one of the largest countries on earth, was long hidden from the rest of the world behind the iron curtain, and continued to remain unnoticed among the stans of central asia that gained independence from the soviet union in the early 1990s. Researcher examines kazakhstans role in world war ii. Kazakhstan gdp annual growth rate 19952020 data 2021.
Kazakhstan, officially the republic of kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country largely located in central asia with the most western parts of it being located in eastern europe. The dictionary section has over 400 crossreferenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book explains the kazakhstan economy as the country emerges from being. Russia, italy, and china top 3 exported goods 2018. Kazakhstans economy is the largest in the central asian states, mainly due to the countrys vast natural resources. Culture of kazakhstan in the second half of the xix. The history of kazakhstan book includes, kazakhstan people and culture, kazakhstan government system, kazakhstan russia relation, kazakhstan political system humans have inhabited presentday kazakhstan since the earliest stone age, generally pursuing the nomadic pastoralism for which the regions climate and terrain are best suited.
The history of kazakhstan book includes, kazakhstan people and culture, kazakhstan government system, kazakhstan russia relation, kazakhstan political systemhumans have inhabited presentday kazakhstan since the earliest stone age, generally pursuing the nomadic pastoralism for which the regions climate and terrain are best suited. It is also one of the largest discoveries in recent history and helps make oil the countrys number one export. Geography history government and the economy people and lifestyle language and literature arts leisure and festivals food closer look at kazakhstan. Cia world fact book all values, unless otherwise stated, are in us dollars. Kazakhstan department of state background infoplease. Natural gas production in kazakhstan in 2005 amounted to 14. Kazakhstan declared its sovereignty on october 25, 1990, and full independence on december 16, 1991. Kazakhstan history kazakh people in russian empire. Accelerating economic diversification, presents an.
List of books and articles about kazakhstan online research. Geographically the largest of the former soviet republics, excluding russia, kazakhstan, g possesses substantial fossil fuel reserves and other minerals and. Kazakhstan has three unesco world heritage sites the saryarka plains, a worldfamous birdwatching site. For more than 2,500 years the land and its people have weathered a succession of conquerors, from alexander the great to genghis khan and timur lenk.